What is Semax?
Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide (7-amino acid) nootropic derived from the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) fragment ACTH(4-10)[1]. Developed in Russia in the 1980s, Semax has demonstrated neuroprotective, cognitive-enhancing, and anxiolytic properties, and is approved as a pharmaceutical drug in Russia and several former Soviet states for treating stroke, cognitive decline, anxiety, and attention disorders[2].
Clinical Status: Semax is a prescription medication in Russia (approved since 1996) for acute and chronic cerebrovascular diseases, cognitive impairment, and anxiety. It is not FDA-approved in the U.S. but widely researched for neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement.
Biochemical Properties
- Sequence: Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro
- Molecular Weight: ~813 Da
- Derivation: Based on ACTH(4-10) with Met and Pro additions for stability
- Administration: Intranasal (primary); also IV, SC
- BBB Penetration: Yes; crosses blood-brain barrier efficiently (intranasal delivery)
- Half-life: ~1 hour (plasma); CNS effects last 6-24 hours
Primary Functions
- Neuroprotection: Protects neurons from hypoxia, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity
- Cognitive Enhancement: Improves memory, learning, attention, mental clarity
- BDNF Elevation: Increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (neuroplasticity)
- Stroke Recovery: Reduces infarct size; accelerates neurological recovery
- Anxiolytic: Reduces anxiety without sedation; improves stress adaptation


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